The forging temperatures vary greatly among different materials. Understanding these ranges is crucial for ensuring forging quality and smooth processing. The following are the forging temperature ranges for common materials:

1. Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel

* 45 Steel:

Initial forging temperature 1200℃, final forging temperature 800℃.

* High-speed steel (e.g., W18Cr4V):

Initial forging temperature 1100-1150℃, final forging temperature 900-950℃.

* Stainless Steel:

Initial forging temperature approximately 1150℃, final forging temperature approximately 900℃.

2. Non-ferrous Metals

* Aluminum Alloy:

Generally 350-480℃, specifically 450-500℃ for 2A12 alloy.

* Titanium Alloy:

α-type (e.g., TA7):900-970℃.

α+β type (e.g., TC4):900-1010℃.

β type (e.g., TB6):800-850℃.

* Copper alloys:

Initial forging temperature approximately 700-750℃, final forging temperature approximately 500-600℃.

3. High-temperature alloys

* GH738:

Forging temperature range 1220-950℃.

* Inconel 718:

Initial forging temperature approximately 1150℃, final forging temperature approximately 1000℃.

4. Special process temperatures

* Warm forging:

Ferrous metals 200-850℃, non-ferrous metals room temperature to 350℃.

* Cold forging:

Performed at room temperature.

5. Key principles

* Avoid defects:

Excessive temperature can lead to overheating, while insufficient temperature can cause cracking.

* Material differences:

The specific temperature needs to be adjusted according to the alloy composition and process requirements.