There are many types of forging equipment in forging production. According to different driving principles and process characteristics, there are mainly the following types: forging hammer, hot die forging press, free press, flat forging machine, hydraulic press and rotary forming forging equipment.

1. Forging hammer forging equipment

Forging hammer is a kind of equipment that uses the kinetic energy generated by the hammer head, hammer rod and the downward part of the piston in the working stroke to strike the hammer head at high speed on the anvil to forge the blank. The kinetic energy released by the downward part is converted into a large pressure to complete the forging plastic deformation. It is a constant energy equipment, and its output energy mainly comes from the expansion work of the gas in the cylinder and the potential energy of the hammer head under the action of gravity. This type of equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer, steam-air hammer, high-speed hammer, hydraulic die forging hammer, etc.

The process characteristics of the forging hammer are

The effective striking energy output by the hammer head (slider) is a sign of the load implantation and forging capacity of the forging hammer equipment; within the forging production stroke range, the characteristic curve of load implantation and stroke is nonlinear, and the closer to the stroke end, the greater the striking energy; in the forging deformation stage, the energy release is sudden, and the hammer head speed changes from the maximum speed to zero within a few thousandths of a second, which has the characteristics of impact forming; the hammer head (slider) has no fixed bottom dead point, and the forging accuracy is guaranteed by the die.

2. Hot die forging press

The hot die forging press is a die forging equipment that works according to the principle of the crank slider mechanism. The parameters of this forging equipment belong to the crank press. Using motor drive and mechanical transmission, the rotary motion is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the slider.

The forging process characteristics of the hot die forging press are

Due to the use of mechanical transmission, the slider movement has a fixed bottom dead point; the slider speed and effective load change with the change of the slider position. The process can only be realized when the load required for the pressure process is less than the effective load of the press. When the slider load exceeds the effective load of the press, the car will be stuck, and an over-planting protection device should be installed; the forging accuracy of the press is related to the rigidity of the mechanical transmission mechanism and the frame.

3. Fruit press

Free media for free forging

The screw press is a forging machine that uses a screw and a nut as a transmission mechanism to convert the forward and reverse motion of the flywheel into the up and down motion of the slider through the screw drive.

The screw press is a forging equipment between the die forging hammer and the hot die forging press. Its forging working characteristics are similar to those of the die forging hammer. The stroke of the press slider is not fixed, and a return stroke is allowed before the lowest position. The amount of blows and the number of blows can be controlled according to the deformation work required for forging. When a single screw press is die forged, the deformation resistance of the die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the closed bed system, which is similar to the hot die forging press.

4. Horizontal forging machine

The flat forging machine is also called upsetting machine or horizontal forging machine. Its structure is similar to that of hot die forging press. It also belongs to crank press in terms of motion principle, but its working part is horizontal reciprocating motion. The two sliders are driven by the motor and crank connecting rod mechanism to reciprocate. One slider is equipped with a punch for forging, and the other slider is equipped with a die for straightening the bar.

The flat forging machine mainly uses the local upsetting method to produce die forgings. In addition to the local upsetting process, the equipment can also realize punching, bending, flanging, cutting and other processes. It is widely used in the production of forgings in the automotive, tractor, bearing, aviation and other industries. The flat forging machine has the characteristics of hot die forging presses, such as high equipment rigidity, fixed stroke, good dimensional stability of forgings in the length direction (strike direction); it relies on static pressure to form forgings during operation, has low vibration, and does not require a large foundation. It is a general forging equipment widely used in large-scale forging.

5. Hydraulic press

Using hydraulic transmission, the pump station converts electrical energy into liquid pressure energy, and completes the forging process of forgings through hydraulic cylinders and sliders (moving beams). It is a fixed load equipment, and the size of its output load mainly depends on the working pressure of the liquid and the area of the working cylinder. This type of equipment includes forging hydraulic presses and oil presses.

The main process characteristics of hydraulic presses are

Since the maximum load can be obtained at any position of the working stroke of the slider (moving beam), it is more suitable for extrusion processes with almost constant loads within a long stroke range; since the hydraulic system is equipped with a relief valve, overload protection is easy to achieve; the hydraulic system of the hydraulic press is easy to adjust the pressure and flow, and different load, stroke and speed characteristics can be obtained, which not only expands the application range of the hydraulic press, but also creates conditions for optimizing the forging process; since the slider (moving beam) has no fixed lower dead point, it can compensate to a certain extent for the influence of the rigidity of the hydraulic press body on the dimensional accuracy of the forgings; in recent years, the progress of hydraulic technology and the improvement of hydraulic forging quality and precision have led to the rapid development of hydraulic press equipment.

6. Rotary forming, forging and pressing equipment

The equipment is driven by an electric motor or mechanically transmitted. During the working process, the working part of the equipment and the forged piece being processed, both or one of them rotate. Such equipment includes wedge cross rolling mills, roll forging machines, ring rolling machines, spinning machines, pendulum rolling machines, radial forging machines, etc.

The process characteristics of rotary forming forging equipment are

The blank is subjected to local stress and local continuous deformation, so the force and energy required for processing are small, and larger forgings can also be processed. Since the forging part or the working part of the equipment rotates during the processing, it is more suitable for processing axisymmetric forgings such as shafts, disks, and rings.